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UI/UX Consistency Guidelines

This document provides comprehensive guidelines for maintaining UI/UX consistency across Waldur HomePort. Following these patterns ensures a predictable, accessible, and professional user experience.

Table of Contents

  1. Empty States
  2. Button Visibility (Hide vs Disable)
  3. Loading States
  4. Tables and Filters
  5. Dialogs and Confirmations
  6. Notifications
  7. Status Indicators
  8. Tooltips
  9. Typography and Content
  10. Accessibility
  11. Responsive Behavior
  12. Anti-Patterns

1. Empty States

Empty states are critical touchpoints that can either frustrate users or guide them toward productive actions. Never leave users at dead ends.

1.1 Empty State Types

Type Purpose Example
First-use Onboarding opportunity "No projects yet. Create your first project to get started."
No search results Help refine search "Your search 'xyz' did not match any resources."
Filtered empty Suggest filter modification "No resources matching current filters"
User-cleared Task completion "All tasks completed!"
Error state Recovery with retry "Unable to load data." + Reload button

1.2 Table Empty States

Use the NoResult component for all table empty states:

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import { NoResult } from '@waldur/navigation/header/search/NoResult';

// Basic usage - let NoResult provide defaults
<NoResult />

// With custom title and message
<NoResult
  title={translate('No projects found')}
  message={translate('Create a project to start using resources.')}
/>

// With search context and clear action
<NoResult
  title={getNoResultTitle({ verboseName: 'projects', hasFilter: true })}
  message={getNoResultMessage({ query, verboseName: 'projects' })}
  callback={clearFilters}
  buttonTitle={translate('Clear filters')}
/>

// With custom action button
<NoResult
  title={translate('No resources yet')}
  message={translate('Deploy your first resource to get started.')}
  actions={
    <SubmitButton
      label={translate('Deploy resource')}
      onClick={handleDeploy}
    />
  }
/>

Message hierarchy: Title → Explanation → CTA (call-to-action)

Utility functions (from src/table/utils.tsx):

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import { getNoResultTitle, getNoResultMessage } from '@waldur/table/utils';

// For filtered tables
getNoResultTitle({ verboseName: 'users', hasFilter: true });
// → "No users found matching current filters"

// For search queries
getNoResultMessage({ query: 'john', verboseName: 'users' });
// → "Your search "john" did not match any users."

// For empty tables without filters
getNoResultMessage({ verboseName: 'projects', customEmpty: translate('Start by creating a project.') });

1.3 Inline Empty Values

Standard: Use DASH_ESCAPE_CODE (—) for null/undefined values in displays:

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import { DASH_ESCAPE_CODE } from '@waldur/table/constants';
import { renderFieldOrDash } from '@waldur/table/utils';

// In table columns
{
  title: translate('Description'),
  render: ({ row }) => renderFieldOrDash(row.description),
}

// In detail views
<Field label={translate('End date')} value={renderFieldOrDash(project.end_date)} />

// Direct usage
{user.phone || DASH_ESCAPE_CODE}

For arrays:

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// Empty array - use descriptive message
{items.length > 0 ? items.map(renderItem) : translate('None')}

// Or use dash for consistency
{items.length > 0 ? items.join(', ') : DASH_ESCAPE_CODE}

1.4 Empty State Message Templates

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// Default (no context)
translate('No {verboseName} found', { verboseName })

// With search query
translate('Your search "{query}" did not match any {verboseName}.', { query, verboseName })

// With active filters
translate('No {verboseName} found matching current filters', { verboseName })

// First use (encouraging)
translate('No {verboseName} yet. Create your first {singular} to get started.', { verboseName, singular })

// After action completion
translate('All {verboseName} have been processed.')

2. Button Visibility (Hide vs Disable)

The decision to hide vs disable a button significantly impacts user experience. Use this decision matrix consistently.

2.1 Decision Matrix

Scenario Action Rationale
User lacks permission (role-based) HIDE User will never be authorized in current context
Resource in wrong state DISABLE + tooltip Temporary; user can fix by changing state
Action in progress DISABLE + spinner Will become available when complete
Feature not applicable HIDE Doesn't apply to this resource type
Validation incomplete DISABLE + tooltip User can complete requirements
Quota exceeded DISABLE + tooltip User can request more quota

2.2 Disabled Button Requirements

ALWAYS provide a tooltip explaining WHY the button is disabled.

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import { useValidators } from '@waldur/resource/actions/useValidators';
import { ActionItem } from '@waldur/resource/actions/ActionItem';

// Using useValidators hook for state-based validation
const validators = [
  ({ resource }) => {
    if (resource.state !== 'OK') {
      return translate('Resource must be in OK state');
    }
  },
  ({ resource }) => {
    if (resource.runtime_state !== 'ACTIVE') {
      return translate('Instance must be running');
    }
  },
];

const MyAction = ({ resource }) => {
  const { tooltip, disabled } = useValidators(validators, resource);

  return (
    <ActionItem
      title={translate('Restart')}
      action={handleRestart}
      disabled={disabled}
      tooltip={tooltip}  // Always provide tooltip when disabled
      iconNode={<ArrowClockwiseIcon weight="bold" />}
    />
  );
};

Visual requirements:

  • Disabled buttons use design token colors (e.g., text-muted, btn-disabled) - NOT opacity
  • Opacity is reserved for overlays only; components use solid colors for predictability, accessibility, and theming
  • Keep the same width to prevent layout shift
  • Use aria-disabled for accessibility

2.3 Permission Patterns

Use hasPermission() utility consistently:

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import { hasPermission } from '@waldur/permissions/hasPermission';
import { useUser } from '@waldur/workspace/hooks';

const MyComponent = ({ project }) => {
  const user = useUser();

  // HIDE if user lacks permission (they can never do this)
  if (!hasPermission(user, {
    permission: 'resource.create',
    projectId: project.uuid
  })) {
    return null;  // Early return - hide entire component
  }

  return <CreateResourceButton />;
};

Staff-only actions:

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import { StaffOnlyIndicator } from '@waldur/customer/details/StaffOnlyIndicator';

// For staff-only actions that should still be visible
<ActionItem
  title={translate('Admin action')}
  action={handleAction}
  staff  // Shows StaffOnlyIndicator badge
/>

// Check staff status
const user = useUser();
if (!user?.is_staff) {
  return null;  // Hide from non-staff
}

3. Loading States

Consistent loading feedback prevents user confusion and maintains perceived performance.

3.1 Table Loading

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// Table handles this automatically via the loading prop
// Spinner shown when: loading === true && rows.length === 0

// For manual control in custom components:
import { LoadingSpinner } from '@waldur/core/LoadingSpinner';

{loading && !data.length ? (
  <LoadingSpinner />
) : (
  <DataContent data={data} />
)}

// With existing data - show subtle indicator, don't replace content
{loading && data.length > 0 && (
  <div className="text-center py-2">
    <LoadingSpinnerIcon className="text-muted" />
  </div>
)}

3.2 Button Loading

Use the pending prop on buttons:

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import { SubmitButton } from '@waldur/form';
import { BaseButton } from '@waldur/core/buttons/BaseButton';

// Form submit button
<SubmitButton
  label={translate('Save')}
  submitting={isSubmitting}  // Shows spinner, disables button
/>

// Action button
<BaseButton
  label={translate('Process')}
  onClick={handleProcess}
  pending={isProcessing}  // Shows spinner, disables button
  size="sm"
/>

Key behaviors:

  • Button shows spinner and becomes disabled
  • Button width stays stable (no layout shift)
  • Label remains visible next to spinner

3.3 Error States

Use LoadingErred component for recoverable errors:

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import { LoadingErred } from '@waldur/core/LoadingErred';

// In data-fetching components
if (error) {
  return (
    <LoadingErred
      loadData={refetch}
      message={translate('Unable to load projects.')}
    />
  );
}

// Custom error message
<LoadingErred
  loadData={retry}
  message={translate('Connection failed. Please check your network.')}
/>

Always provide a retry action - never leave users stuck.

4. Tables and Filters

4.1 Filter Visibility Rules

Filter Position When Visible On Empty Table
header Always Always visible
menu Toggle button click Show toggle button
sidebar When filters active OR toggled Show toggle button (allow discovery)

Important: Never completely hide filters on empty tables. Users need to discover that filters exist and may be causing the empty state.

When filters return no results, show a specific empty state:

  • Message: "No results match your filters"
  • Actions: "Clear filters" / "View filters"
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<NoResult
  title={translate('No results match your filters')}
  message={translate('Try adjusting your filters or clear them to see all items.')}
  actions={
    <>
      <Button variant="tertiary" onClick={clearFilters}>
        {translate('Clear filters')}
      </Button>
      <Button variant="outline" onClick={openFilters}>
        {translate('View filters')}
      </Button>
    </>
  }
/>

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// Table configuration
<Table
  filters={<MyFilters />}
  filterPosition="menu"  // 'header' | 'menu' | 'sidebar'
  // ...
/>

4.2 Filter Behavior Checklist

  • Clear visual indication when filters are active (badge count)
  • Prominent "Clear all" functionality
  • Reset to page 1 when filters change
  • Persist filter state across navigation (when appropriate)
  • Show "No results matching filters" message (not generic empty)

4.3 Pagination Rules

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import { PAGE_SIZE_COMPACT, PAGE_SIZE_FULL } from '@waldur/table/constants';

// PAGE_SIZE_COMPACT = 5 (for embedded/secondary tables)
// PAGE_SIZE_FULL = 10 (for primary tables)

// Hide pagination when items ≤ PAGE_SIZE_COMPACT
{pagination.resultCount > PAGE_SIZE_COMPACT && (
  <TablePagination {...pagination} />
)}

// Show item count
// Format: "Showing 1-10 of 100"

5. Dialogs and Confirmations

5.1 Confirmation Dialog Pattern

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import { waitForConfirmation } from '@waldur/modal/actions';

// Destructive action (deletion) - name the object being deleted
const handleDelete = async () => {
  try {
    await waitForConfirmation(
      dispatch,
      translate('Delete {type}', { type: 'project' }),
      translate('"{name}" will be permanently deleted. This action cannot be undone.', { name: resource.name }),
      {
        forDeletion: true,  // Red styling, warning icon
        size: 'sm',
        positiveButton: translate('Delete'),  // Clear action label
      }
    );
    // User confirmed - proceed with deletion
    await deleteResource(resource.uuid);
    dispatch(showSuccess(translate('Resource deleted')));
  } catch {
    // User cancelled - do nothing
    return;
  }
};

// Non-destructive confirmation
await waitForConfirmation(
  dispatch,
  translate('Confirm action'),
  translate('This will restart all services. Continue?'),
  {
    positiveButton: translate('Restart'),
  }
);

Button order: Cancel (left), Confirm (right)

Clear action labels: Use "Delete", "Restart", "Submit" - not "OK" or "Yes"

5.2 Form Dialog Pattern

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// Standard form dialog footer
<div className="d-flex gap-2 justify-content-end">
  <Button variant="tertiary" onClick={closeDialog}>
    {translate('Cancel')}
  </Button>
  <SubmitButton
    label={translate('Save changes')}
    submitting={isSubmitting}
    disabled={!isValid}
  />
</div>

6. Notifications

Use the notification utilities from @waldur/store/notify:

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import {
  showSuccess,
  showError,
  showErrorResponse,
  showInfo
} from '@waldur/store/notify';

// Success - action completed
dispatch(showSuccess(translate('Project created successfully')));

// Success with details
dispatch(showSuccess(
  translate('Resource deployed'),
  translate('Your resource will be ready in a few minutes.')
));

// Error - action failed
dispatch(showError(translate('Unable to save changes')));

// Error with API response details
try {
  await saveData();
} catch (error) {
  dispatch(showErrorResponse(error, translate('Unable to save changes.')));
}

// Info - informational only
dispatch(showInfo(translate('Changes will take effect after refresh')));

Configuration:

  • Duration: 7000ms (7 seconds)
  • Position: top-right
  • Dismissible: Yes (show dismiss button)

7. Status Indicators

7.1 StateIndicator Component

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import { StateIndicator } from '@waldur/core/StateIndicator';

// Basic usage
<StateIndicator
  label={resource.state}
  variant="success"
/>

// With spinner for active/in-progress states
<StateIndicator
  label={translate('Creating')}
  variant="primary"
  active  // Shows spinner
/>

// Common variant options
<StateIndicator label="Active" variant="success" />
<StateIndicator label="Pending" variant="warning" />
<StateIndicator label="Error" variant="danger" />
<StateIndicator label="Inactive" variant="default" />

// Styling options
<StateIndicator
  label="OK"
  variant="success"
  outline  // Outlined style
  pill     // Rounded pill shape
  hasBullet  // Shows bullet indicator
  size="sm"  // 'sm' | 'lg'
/>

7.2 Variant Mapping Guidelines

State Category Variant Examples
Success/Active success Active, Running, Completed, Approved
Warning/Pending warning Pending, Processing, Updating
Error/Failed danger Error, Failed, Rejected, Unavailable
Neutral/Default default Draft, Archived, Paused, Unknown
Info info New, In Review

Custom variants (for differentiation within same category): pink, blue, teal, indigo, purple, rose, orange, moss

8. Tooltips

8.1 Usage Guidelines

Use tooltips for:

  • Disabled buttons: Explain why disabled (required)
  • Icon-only buttons: Always provide tooltip describing the action (required)
  • Truncated text: Show full text
  • Icons without labels: Describe the element's purpose
  • Complex terms: Provide definitions
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import { Tip } from '@waldur/core/Tooltip';

// Basic tooltip
<Tip label={translate('Copy to clipboard')} id="copy-btn">
  <CopyIcon />
</Tip>

// Tooltip with body (title + description)
<Tip
  label={translate('Resource limits')}
  body={translate('Maximum amount of resources that can be allocated.')}
  id="limits-info"
>
  <InfoIcon />
</Tip>

// Light theme tooltip
<Tip label={fullText} id="text-tooltip" theme="light">
  <span className="ellipsis">{truncatedText}</span>
</Tip>

8.2 Disabled Element Tooltip Pattern

From ActionItem - use question icon for disabled action explanation:

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import { QuestionIcon } from '@phosphor-icons/react';

// When action is disabled, show question icon with tooltip
{props.disabled && props.tooltip && (
  <Tip label={props.tooltip} id={`disabled-reason-${id}`}>
    <QuestionIcon
      size={20}
      weight="bold"
      className="text-muted ms-1"
    />
  </Tip>
)}

9. Typography and Content

9.1 Text Truncation

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import { formatLongText } from '@waldur/table/utils';

// For text > 100 characters - shows tooltip with full text
{formatLongText(description)}

// CSS truncation class
<span className="ellipsis">{text}</span>

// With custom width
<span className="ellipsis d-inline-block" style={{ maxWidth: 200 }}>
  {text}
</span>

9.2 Internationalization

All user-facing text must use translate():

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import { translate } from '@waldur/i18n';

// Simple string
translate('Save changes')

// With placeholders
translate('Hello, {name}!', { name: user.name })

// Plural forms
translate('{count} item', '{count} items', { count })

// Never hard-code strings
// ❌ <Button>Submit</Button>
// ✅ <Button>{translate('Submit')}</Button>

10. Accessibility

10.1 Disabled State Accessibility

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// Use aria-disabled for screen reader support
<button
  aria-disabled={isDisabled}
  onClick={!isDisabled ? handleClick : undefined}
  className={isDisabled ? 'text-muted' : ''}
>
  {label}
</button>

// Tooltips on disabled buttons should be accessible
// The Tip component handles this automatically

10.2 Keyboard Navigation

  • All interactive elements must be keyboard accessible
  • Use proper focus management in modals
  • Maintain logical tab order

10.3 Screen Reader Support

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// Loading states should be announced
<LoadingSpinnerIcon
  role="status"
  aria-label={translate('Loading...')}
/>

// Provide text alternatives for icons
<button aria-label={translate('Delete item')}>
  <TrashIcon />
</button>

11. Responsive Behavior

11.1 Breakpoints

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import { GRID_BREAKPOINTS } from '@waldur/core/constants';

// GRID_BREAKPOINTS = { xs: 0, sm: 576, md: 768, lg: 992, xl: 1200, xxl: 1400 }

import { useMediaQuery } from 'react-responsive';

const isSm = useMediaQuery({ maxWidth: GRID_BREAKPOINTS.sm });
const isMd = useMediaQuery({ maxWidth: GRID_BREAKPOINTS.md });

11.2 Filter Position Adaptation

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// Automatically converts 'menu' to 'sidebar' on small screens
const filterPosition = isSm && originalPosition === 'menu'
  ? 'sidebar'
  : originalPosition;

11.3 Interactive Element Sizing

Form controls (inputs, selects, textareas):

  • Minimum height: 40px for adequate touch/click area

Buttons:

  • Three standard sizes: 44px (large), 36px (default), 28px (small)
  • All sizes are acceptable for desktop interfaces
  • Use size appropriate to context and hierarchy

Icon-only buttons:

  • Should maintain adequate click area even with small icons
  • Consider padding to reach at least 28px hit area
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// Button sizes
<Button size="lg">Large (44px)</Button>
<Button>Default (36px)</Button>
<Button size="sm">Small (28px)</Button>

Note: The 44px minimum touch target (WCAG) is primarily for mobile/touch interfaces. Desktop applications can use smaller interactive elements.

12. Anti-Patterns

What NOT to Do

Anti-Pattern Problem Correct Approach
Redundant length === 0 checks Table already handles empty Trust the Table component
Mixed null display (—, "N/A", "", "None") Inconsistent Always use DASH_ESCAPE_CODE or renderFieldOrDash
Hide + Disable for same scenario Confusing Follow decision matrix consistently
Disabled button without tooltip User doesn't know why Always provide tooltip
Hard-coded strings Not translatable Always use translate()
Hidden filters on empty tables Can't discover filters Show filter toggle
Empty state without CTA Dead end Always provide next action
user.is_staff checks everywhere Inconsistent Use hasPermission() utility

Code Examples - Bad vs Good

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// ❌ BAD: Inconsistent empty display
{user.email || 'N/A'}
{user.phone || ''}
{user.name || '—'}

// ✅ GOOD: Consistent
{renderFieldOrDash(user.email)}
{renderFieldOrDash(user.phone)}
{renderFieldOrDash(user.name)}

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// ❌ BAD: Disabled without explanation
<Button disabled={!canEdit}>Edit</Button>

// ✅ GOOD: Disabled with tooltip
<Tip label={canEdit ? null : translate('You need edit permission')}>
  <Button disabled={!canEdit}>Edit</Button>
</Tip>

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// ❌ BAD: Inconsistent staff checks
if (user.is_staff) { ... }
if (hasPermission(user, { permission: 'admin.view' })) { ... }
if (user?.is_staff || user?.is_support) { ... }

// ✅ GOOD: Consistent permission checking
if (hasPermission(user, { permission: 'resource.admin', projectId })) { ... }

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// ❌ BAD: Empty state dead end
{items.length === 0 && <p>No items</p>}

// ✅ GOOD: Actionable empty state
{items.length === 0 && (
  <NoResult
    title={translate('No items yet')}
    message={translate('Create your first item to get started.')}
    actions={<CreateButton />}
  />
)}

Quick Reference

Key Imports

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// Empty states
import { NoResult } from '@waldur/navigation/header/search/NoResult';
import { DASH_ESCAPE_CODE } from '@waldur/table/constants';
import { renderFieldOrDash, getNoResultTitle, getNoResultMessage } from '@waldur/table/utils';

// Buttons & Actions
import { BaseButton } from '@waldur/core/buttons/BaseButton';
import { ActionItem } from '@waldur/resource/actions/ActionItem';
import { useValidators } from '@waldur/resource/actions/useValidators';

// Loading & Errors
import { LoadingSpinner, LoadingSpinnerIcon } from '@waldur/core/LoadingSpinner';
import { LoadingErred } from '@waldur/core/LoadingErred';

// Indicators
import { StateIndicator } from '@waldur/core/StateIndicator';
import { Badge } from '@waldur/core/Badge';

// Tooltips
import { Tip } from '@waldur/core/Tooltip';

// Permissions
import { hasPermission } from '@waldur/permissions/hasPermission';
import { StaffOnlyIndicator } from '@waldur/customer/details/StaffOnlyIndicator';

// Notifications
import { showSuccess, showError, showErrorResponse, showInfo } from '@waldur/store/notify';

// Modals
import { waitForConfirmation } from '@waldur/modal/actions';

// i18n
import { translate } from '@waldur/i18n';

// Constants
import { GRID_BREAKPOINTS } from '@waldur/core/constants';
import { PAGE_SIZE_COMPACT, PAGE_SIZE_FULL } from '@waldur/table/constants';

Decision Trees

Should I hide or disable this button?

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Is the user PERMANENTLY unable to perform this action in current context?
├─ YES → HIDE the button
│   Examples: lacks role, feature not applicable, wrong resource type
│
└─ NO (temporary or user-fixable) → DISABLE with tooltip
    Examples: wrong state, validation incomplete, quota exceeded, action in progress

What empty state should I show?

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Is there an active search/filter?
├─ YES (search) → "Your search '{query}' did not match any {items}"
├─ YES (filter) → "No {items} found matching current filters" + Clear button
│
└─ NO → Is this first-time use?
    ├─ YES → Encouraging message + Create CTA
    └─ NO → "No {items} found" + relevant action

Top 10 Inconsistencies to Fix

Based on a codebase analysis, these are prioritized inconsistencies that should be addressed:

1. Mixed Null/Empty Display Values

Files affected: src/vmware/PortsList.tsx, src/project/manage/ProjectGeneral.tsx, src/user/hooks/HooksList.tsx, and others

Problem: Using || 'N/A' instead of renderFieldOrDash()

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// Current (inconsistent)
row.network_name || 'N/A'
project.name || 'N/A'
row.destination_url || row.email || 'N/A'

// Should be
renderFieldOrDash(row.network_name)
renderFieldOrDash(project.name)

2. Scattered Staff Permission Checks

Files affected: Multiple files with direct user.is_staff checks

Problem: Permission checks done inconsistently across components

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// Current (scattered)
if (user.is_staff) { ... }

// Should use centralized utility
if (hasPermission(user, { permission: 'staff.action', ... })) { ... }

3. Sidebar Filters Hidden on Empty Tables

Files affected: src/table/Table.tsx:301-323

Problem: Sidebar filters only show when filtersStorage.length > 0, preventing filter discovery

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// Current behavior
{props.filterPosition === 'sidebar' && props.filtersStorage.length > 0 && ...}

// Should show toggle button even when no filters active

4. Disabled Buttons Without Tooltips

Various components have disabled buttons that don't explain why they're disabled.

Fix: Audit all disabled props and ensure accompanying tooltip prop

5. Empty Copy Field Values

Files affected: src/proposals/manage/CallProposalsList.tsx, src/openstack/openstack-tenant/TenantPortsList.tsx

Problem: Using || '' for copy fields can result in copying empty string

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// Current
copyField: (row) => row.mac_address || ''

// Should provide fallback or hide copy when empty
copyField: (row) => row.mac_address || undefined

6. Inconsistent Empty State Messages

Various list components show plain text instead of using the NoResult component.

Fix: All list empty states should use NoResult with appropriate messaging

7. Mixed Boolean Permission Returns

Files affected: src/permissions/hasPermission.ts

Problem: Function returns true or undefined instead of true or false

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// Current
if (...) return true;
// Falls through to undefined

// Should be explicit
return false;

8. Invitation Display Inconsistencies

Files affected: src/invitations/join-organization/submission.tsx

Problem: Using || 'N/A' in user-facing messages

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// Current
organization: groupInvitation.scope_name || 'N/A'

// Should handle missing data more gracefully

9. Form Field Empty Fallbacks

Files affected: Various form components using || ''

Problem: Inconsistent handling of empty form values

10. Missing Error State Handling

Various data-fetching components don't show LoadingErred on fetch failure.

Fix: Audit all data-fetching components for proper error state handling

Implementation Checklist

When fixing these inconsistencies:

  • Run yarn lint:check after changes
  • Verify no TypeScript errors with yarn build
  • Test empty states manually
  • Verify disabled button tooltips appear
  • Check responsive behavior on mobile
  • Run relevant unit tests